Ubuntu更换apt镜像源

在ubuntu中，默认使用 ubuntu 的官方源http://archive.ubuntu.com/，但是这个官方源在国内下载的速度太慢，甚至只有几十k。于是考虑更换apt源加快下载速度

国内可用镜像源站点很多，可以参考文章国内镜像站推荐，这里以阿里镜像源作ubuntu的apt源

更换镜像源步骤

在 Ubuntu 系统中，可以通过修改/etc/apt/sources.list文件内容来修改 apt 源，通常在镜像站中也给出了更改镜像源的方法，比如阿里镜像站的更换说明：Ubuntu 镜像更换

图形界面配置

新手推荐使用图形界面配置：系统设置 -> 软件和更新选择下载服务器 -> “mirrors.aliyun.com”

无图形界面手动更改

首先备份 sources.list 文件，避免在意外出错情况下能够还原

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<pre class=" language-bash"><code class=" hljs language-bash"><span class="token builtin class-name">cd</span> /etc/apt/
<span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">cp</span> sources.list sources.list.bak</code></pre>
</div>

修改 sources.list 文件内容

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<pre class=" language-bash"><code class=" hljs language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">vim</span> sources.list</code></pre>
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替换默认的 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ 为 mirrors.aliyun.com
以Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS为例，最后的效果如下：

<div class="code-toolbar">
<pre class=" language-text"><code class=" language-text">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe</code></pre>
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ubuntu 16.04 配置如下

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<pre class=" language-text"><code class=" language-text">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe</code></pre>
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ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下

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<pre class=" language-text"><code class=" language-text">deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse</code></pre>
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更新 apt 本地索引

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<pre class=" language-bash"><code class=" hljs language-bash"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt</span> update</code></pre>
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这个速度变化很明显了，甚至达到了2M多每秒

事实上，对于其他 Linux 发行版更改镜像源，方法也是大同小异的（如 Redhat 系的 yum）